Food recalls from Virginia firms

232 of the 29,386 FDA food recall records published since 2012 were issued by firms located in Virginia, ranking it 28 among states and territories. 89 are Class I. Data last updated 2 September 2026.

Records of 29,386
232
Share of all recalls
0.8%
Class I of 232
89
Reported between
2012 to 2026

What this page counts

The state on an FDA recall record is the address of the recalling firm. It is not where the product was sold: a firm in Virginia frequently distributes nationally, and food bought in Virginia is frequently recalled by a firm in another state. Each record below carries its own distribution pattern.

Who regulates food in Virginia

State food code
Food Regulations

This agency regulates retail and food-service establishments in the state. Most of the firms below are manufacturers, whose recalls are federal actions under FDA jurisdiction, so the agency named here did not issue them. FDA, retail and food service codes by state, read 2026-09-15.

Who got ill

The CDC recorded 204 foodborne outbreaks in Virginia between 2012 and 2023, with 3,957 reported illnesses, 150 hospitalisations and 1 deaths. That is 2.3% of the 9,038 foodborne outbreaks in the dataset, and 0.3 in every thousand of those reported ill died.

The cause recorded most often was Norovirus (genogroup II), in 53 of the 175 outbreaks where a cause was recorded at all.

The setting recorded most often was a sit-down restaurant, in 73 of the 176 where a setting was named.

Outbreaks
204
Reported illnesses
3,957
Hospitalised
150
Deaths
1

Foodborne outbreaks reported to CDC, National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) for 2012 to 2023, read 2026-09-15. An outbreak is two or more illnesses traced to a common food, so this counts people rather than product, and it does not cover the recall years after 2023.

What is different about Virginia

The hazard that separates Virginia from the national picture is foreign material: 21.1% of these records name it, against 8.3% of all FDA food recalls.

By product, Virginia is weighted toward snacks and confectionery: 21.6% of the records here against 14.7% across the corpus.

These recalls stay local: 8.6% state nationwide distribution, against 20.7% across the corpus.

The volume is falling: 36 records in the three years to 2025, against 59 in the four before them. 2026 is excluded because the agency reports an enforcement action months after a firm begins a recall, so the most recent year is always incomplete.

What Virginia firms recalled for

A single recall can name more than one hazard, so these counts overlap and do not sum to 232.

By year

Counts are by the date the FDA reported the enforcement action. That date runs behind the date a firm started a recall, so the most recent year is always partial.

YearRecalls reported
20126
201312
20147
201519
201614
201749
201821
20193
202032
202111
202213
202312
202414
202510
20269

Firms with the most records

A firm appears here because it reported recalls, which is what a working recall procedure produces. A high count frequently reflects a single event split across many product codes rather than many separate failures.

Most recently reported

The 60 most recent of 232 records. Every record has its own page and is reachable from its year, state and firm.
ReportedProductFirmReasonClass
2026-09-02ERIDANOUS GREEK STYLE Shortbread Cookies with apricot filling and cocoa topping with coconut sprinkles. Product is packed onto a plastic carton tray with outer paper sleeve, 330 g (weight), UPC: 4056489125846.Lidl US TRADINGThe firm discovered that certain units shipped to the U.S. retail stores only has "foreign languages" on the label. Product has undeclared wheat, soy, milk, eggs and tree nut (coconut).Class II
2026-09-02ERIDANOUS GREEK STYLE Shortbread Cookies with Chocolate Truffle Coating & Apricot Filling. Product is packed onto a plastic carton tray with outer paper sleeve, 330 g (weight), UPC: 4056489125839.Lidl US TRADINGThe firm discovered that certain units shipped to the U.S. retail stores only has "foreign languages" on the label. Product has undeclared wheat, soy, milk, eggs and tree nut (coconut).Class II
2026-08-26VITASIA ASIAN STYLE WOK SPICE MIX NET WT 1.58 OZ (45g) UPC 4 335619 355491 DISTRIBUTED BY LIDL US, LLC ARLINGTON, VA 22202 PRODUCT OF THE CZECH REPUBLICLidl US TRADINGSalmonella. The firm received a positive test result of Salmonella in the product.Class I
2026-08-12Ashfiat Alharamain Energy Support 250ml/8fl. oz.AKKARCO LLCUndeclared tadalafilClass I
2026-04-01Favorina Chocolate Ladybugs German-Style Nougat, Net Wt 3.52 oz (100g). UPC 2030 4492. Distributed By Lidl US, LLC, 3500 S. Clark St, Arlington, VA 22202. Product of Germany.Lidl US TRADINGLabel does not specify type of tree nut contained in the product.Class II
2026-03-04Gerber Arrowroot Biscuits, Net Wt. 5.5 oz. (155g), packaged in a plastic resealable bag with UPC 015000005962, packed 4 bags/case with UPC 015000935726; Made for Gerber Products Co., Fremont, MI 49413Gerber Products Company dba Nestle Infant NutritionDownstream recall. Product contains arrowroot flour ingredient that was voluntarily recalled by the supplier due to potential contamination of soft kraft paper/plastic bag pieces.Class II
2026-01-21Ukrop's 6" Pound Cake with Buttercream Icing/Confetti NET WT 30 OZ (1.88lb/851g) CONTAINS: Egg, Milk, Wheat Made in a production area that also uses soy and tree nuts. UPC 7 22515 91849 5 Ukrop's Homestyle Foods, LLC Richmond, VA 23Ukrop's Homestyle Foods, LLCUndeclared Soy. Label did not include soy, which was used in product.Class II
2026-01-21Ukrop's 6" Pound Cake with Buttercream Icing/Pink Roses NET WT 44 OZ (2.75lb/1.25kg) CONTAINS: Egg, Milk, Wheat Made in a production area that also uses soy and tree nuts. UPC 7 22515 91452 7 Ukrop's Homestyle Foods, LLC Richmond, VA 23230Ukrop's Homestyle Foods, LLCUndeclared Soy. Label did not include soy, which was used in product.Class II
2026-01-21Ukrop's 6" Pound Cake with Buttercream Icing/Red Roses NET WT 30 OZ (2.06lb/936g) UPC 7 22515 91452 7 and Ukrop's 8" Pound Cake with Buttercream Icing/Red Roses NET WT 44 OZ (2.75lb/1.25kg) UPC 7 22515 91456 5 CONTAINS: Egg, Milk, Wheat Made in a production area that also uses soy and tree nuts. Ukrop's Homestyle Foods, LLC Richmond, VA 23230Ukrop's Homestyle Foods, LLCUndeclared Soy. Label did not include soy, which was used in product.Class II
2025-11-05CaBOT CREAMERY SEA SALT CARAMEL CHEDDAR SWEET & CHEESY POPCORN 6.0oz bag CONTAINS: SOY & MILK UPC 8 50016 94430 6 MANUFACTURED FOR: VERMONT CHEESE PRODUCTS, INC 60 LAKE STREET, SUITE 2A BURLINGTON, VT 05401Jody's Inc.Undeclared Peanuts. The firm received two complaints that the product contains peanuts which are not listed in the ingredient statement.Class II
2025-07-02FIREHOOK ARTISAN BAKED CRACKERS CLASSIC SEA SALT NET WT. 8 OZ (227g) INGREDIENTS: ORGANIC WHEAT FLOUR, ORGANIC HONEY, YEAST, SALT, ORGANIC OLIVE OIL, CONTAINS: WHEAT UPC 8 99055 00063 5 FIREHOOK OF VIRGINIA, INC. CHANTILLY, VA 20151Firehook of VirginiaUndeclared Sesame. The firm was notified by a retailer that product labeled as Sea Salt Bagel Crackers contained Everything Bagel Crackers. The Everything Bagel Crackers contains sesame which is not listed in the ingredient statement.Class II
2025-06-11Ukrop's Marinated Cucumber Salad INGREDIENTS: Cucumber, distilled vinegar***apple cider vinegar, sugar, red onion, water, canola oil***NET WT 16 OZ (1LB/454g) UPC 7 22515 24902 5; NET WT 36 OZ (2.25LB/1.02kg) UPC 7 22515 25224 7; NET WT 5LB (2.27kg) UPC 7 22515 29354 7 Ukrop's Homestyle Foods, LLC Richmond, VA 23230Ukrop's Homestyle Foods LLCSalmonella. The firm received cucumbers produced by Bedner Farms.Class I
2025-04-09Lean Cuisine Lemon Garlic Shrimp Stir Fry, NET WT 10 OZ (283g), in a plastic tray with film seal, packaged inside a paperboard carton; 10 consumer units per caseNestle-USA, Inc. (Corporate Office)Potential foreign material (wood-like material)Class II
2025-04-09Lean Cuisine Spinach Artichoke Ravioli, NET WT 9 OZ (255g), in a plastic tray with film seal, packaged inside a paperboard carton; packed 12 consumer units per caseNestle-USA, Inc. (Corporate Office)Potential foreign material (wood-like material)Class II
2025-04-09Lean Cuisine Butternut Squash Ravioli, NET WT 9 7/8 OZ (280g), in a plastic tray with film seal, packaged inside a paperboard carton; packed 12 consumer units per caseNestle-USA, Inc. (Corporate Office)Potential foreign material (wood-like material)Class II
2025-04-02COFFEE ROASTERS Our Family TRAVERSE CITY CHERRY ARTIFICIALLY FLAVORED DECAF LIGHT ROAST GROUND COFFEE NET WT 12 OZ (340g) UPC 0 70253 11080 1 DISTRIBUTED BY THE SPARTANNASH COMPANY GRAND RAPIDS, MI 49518Massimo Zanetti Beverage USAMislabeling. A portion of the production of Our Family Traverse City Ground Coffee was mislabeled as decaffeinate.Class II
2025-03-05Gerber Snacks for Baby Soothe 'n' Chew TEETHING STICKS Banana NET WT 3.2 OZ (90g) box UPC 0 15000 04608 8 and NET WT 1.59 oz box UPC 0 15000 01015 7 GERBER PRODUCTS CO., FREMONT, MI 49413Nestle-USA, Inc. (Corporate Office)Firm received complaints of infant choking.Class I
2025-03-05Gerber Snacks for Baby Soothe 'n' Chew TEETHING STICKS Strawberry Apple NET WT 3.2 OZ (90g) UPC 0 15000 04518 7 GERBER PRODUCTS CO., FREMONT, MI 49413Nestle-USA, Inc. (Corporate Office)Firm received complaints of infant choking.Class I
2025-01-29Buttered Vegetables KEEP FROZEN NET WT 10.5 OZ (300g) INGREDIENTS: CARROTS, PEAS, CALIFLOWER, CORN, BUTTER, SUGAR, SALT, CORN STARCH, PARSLEY MAY CONTAIN WHEAT. DISTRIBUTED BY LIDL USA, LLC. 3500 S. CLARK STREET, ARLINGTON, VA 22202 UPC 4 056489 122876Lidl US TRADINGUndeclared Milk. During an FDA investigation the manufacturer was notified that the label does not list the allergen milk in the ingredient statement.Class II
2024-07-10Italiamo brand Melanzane alla Parmigiana pregratinate (Eggplant Parmesan) 450g UPC: 20456436. Frozen product. Packaged in plastic tray with paper sleeve, 12 units in every case.Lidl US TRADINGUndeclared wheat and milk (foreign language labeling)Class II
2024-07-03Chef Select 2 Garlic Baguettes filled With Garlic Butter 2x175 g Barcode: 4056489447559. Frozen product packaged in a plastic bag, 2 baguettes per unit.Lidl US TRADINGUndeclared wheat and milk (foreign language labeling)Class II
2024-07-03Chef Select 2 Herb Baguettes Filled With Herb Butter 2x175 g Barcode: 4056489447566. Frozen product packaged in a plastic bag, 2 baguettes per unit.Lidl US TRADINGUndeclared wheat and milk (foreign language labeling)Class II
2024-06-12PLANTERS¿ Deluxe Lightly Salted Mixed Nuts 8.75 oz. UPC 2900001621. Packaged in a metal corrugate can with plastic lid. 12 cans per case.Hormel Foods CorporationPossible contamination with Listeria monocytogenesClass I
2024-06-12PLANTERS¿ Honey Roasted Peanuts 4oz UPC 2900002097. Packaged in a flexible film package. 12 packages per case.Hormel Foods CorporationPossible contamination with Listeria monocytogenesClass I
2024-04-17Deluxe brand Macarons Party Edition 35 pieces 455g (35 x 13g) UPC:4056489365365 Product packaged in a cardboard/plastic containerLidl US TRADINGUndeclared Wheat, Soy, Egg, Milk, Tree Nuts (foreign language labeling)Class II
2024-04-17Whitley's Peanut Factory, Deluxe Nut Mix, 12oz (340g), Electrolytic tin-plated cans, with paper label. 12-pack case boxes.Whitley Peanut Factory, Inc.Undeclared Allergen (peanuts, milk, soy, wheat, and sesame).Class II
2024-03-20Banana Pepper Rings 16 FL OZ (1PT) 473ml UPC:4056489223863. Packaged in a glass jar with metal lid.Lidl US TRADINGContainer integrity issued (punctured lid)Class III
2024-02-28Fresh Local , Country Corner Dairy, YELLOW COLBY CHEESE, INGREDIENTS: Pasteurized Milk, Salt , Rennet, Calcium Chloride, Cheese Culture, Contains Milk. Product comes in various sizes, 6 oz. up to 42 lbs. and is in vacuum sealed plastic packaging.Country Corner Dairy, LLCProduct was made with a lack of proper pasteurization.Class II
2024-02-28Fresh Local , Country Corner Dairy, WHITE CHEDDAR CHEESE, INGREDIENTS: Pasteurized Milk, Salt , Rennet, Calcium Chloride, Cheese Culture, Contains Milk. Product comes in various sizes, 6 oz. up to 42 lbs. and is in vacuum sealed plastic packaging.Country Corner Dairy, LLCProduct was made with a lack of proper pasteurization.Class II
2024-02-28Fresh Local , Country Corner Dairy, WHITE COLBY CHEESE, INGREDIENTS: Pasteurized Milk, Salt , Rennet, Calcium Chloride, Cheese Culture, Contains Milk. Product comes in various sizes, 6 oz. up to 42 lbs. and is in vacuum sealed plastic packaging.Country Corner Dairy, LLCProduct was made with a lack of proper pasteurization.Class II
2024-02-28Fresh Local , Country Corner Dairy, YELLOW CHEDDAR CHEESE, INGREDIENTS: Pasteurized Milk, Salt , Rennet, Calcium Chloride, Cheese Culture, Color, Contains Milk. Product comes in various sizes, 6 oz. up to 42 lbs. and is in vacuum sealed plastic packaging.Country Corner Dairy, LLCProduct was made with a lack of proper pasteurization.Class II
2024-02-28Fresh Local , Country Corner Dairy, SIZZLING COLBY CHEESE, INGREDIENTS: Pasteurized Milk, Salt , Rennet, Calcium Chloride, Cheese Culture, Peppers, Contains Milk. Product comes in various sizes, 6 oz. up to 42 lbs. and is in vacuum sealed plastic packaging.Country Corner Dairy, LLCProduct was made with a lack of proper pasteurization.Class II
2024-01-31Duc De Coeur Camembert Cheese Croquettes Frozen NET WT 9 OZ (256g) UPC 2023 8391 Packaged in a cardboard cartons.Lidl US TRADINGPossible contamination with Listeria monocytogenesClass II
2023-09-13Nestle Toll House, Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough, 16.5 oz. Cookie dough in bar form packaged in paperboard tray with plastic overwrap, 12 packages per case, Keep RefrigeratedNestle-USA, Inc. (Corporate Office)Potential presence of wood fragments.Class II
2023-08-23Alpenfest Style Sachertote NET WT 17.6 OZ (1 LB 1.6OZ) 500g Frozen UPC:2010 0889 Packaged in Cardboard Carton.Lidl US TRADINGUndeclared Egg, Milk, WheatClass II
2023-05-24Duke's SOUTHERN SAUCES BAYOU REMOULADE NET WT. 10 FL OZ (296 ml) GLUTEN FREE INGREDIENTS:***SOY SAUCE (WHEAT, SOYBEANS, AND SALT)***CONTAINS SOY, WHEAT, EGGS SAUER BRANDS, INC. RICHMOND, VA 23220 UPC x 52500 08582 7Sauer Brands, Inc.The firm was notified by a consumer that the product label is incorrect. The label says, "Gluten Free" however the product contains wheat.Class III
2023-04-12Gerber GoodStart SoothePro Infant Formula with Iron. Milk Based Powder. Stage 1, 0 - 12 Months. Nestle Infant Nutrition, Arlington, VA 22209. Packaged in the following sizes: 1. Net Wt 12.4 oz. (351 g) (6 cans per case) UPC 050000-62400 3 2. Net Wt 30.6 oz. (1.91 lb / 867 g) (4 cans per case) UPC 0 50000-49498 9 3. Net Wt 19.4 oz. (1.21 lb/549 g) (4 cans per case) UPC 0 50000-48722 6 4. Product only sold in Canada: 942g (4 cans per case) UPC 0 55000-38369 1.Perrigo NutritionalsInfant Formula has the potential to be contaminated with Cronobacter spp.Class I
2023-03-22Tapas Cocktail White Tiger Shrimp Net Wt 7oz (198g) UPC:4056489411499 Packaged in a plastic container.Lidl US TRADINGPossible contamination with Listeria monocytogenes.Class I
2023-02-01Chef Select 2 Herb Baguettes Filled With Herb Butter 175 g Barcode: 4056489447566Lidl US TRADINGUndeclared wheat and milk allergensClass II
2023-02-01Alsultan Sweets Mixed Baklava 12.3oz (350 grams) UPC: 629700099929/750 grams UPC: 629700099912FALCON IMPORT & EXPORT LLCUndeclared milk and wheatClass II
2023-02-01Chef Select 2 Garlic Baguettes filled With Garlic Butter 175 g Barcode: 4056489447559Lidl US TRADINGUndeclared wheat and milk allergensClass II
2023-02-01Alsultan Sweets Betefour 10.5oz (600 grams) UPC:6297000999739FALCON IMPORT & EXPORT LLCUndeclared cashews, almonds, and pistachiosClass II
2023-01-18ACME Everything Bagel Smoked Salmon Net Wt. 4 OZ (113G) UPC:2338410420Lidl US TRADINGPossible pathogen grown and toxin formation in Salmon productsClass II
2023-01-18ACME Smoked Nova Salmon Net Wt. 4 OZ (113G) UPC: 23384104065Lidl US TRADINGPossible pathogen grown and toxin formation in Salmon productsClass II
2023-01-04Favorina Advent Calendar NET WT. 8.4OZ (240g) Premium Chocolate with a Creamy Filling UPC 4056489516965Lidl US TRADINGPotential Salmonella contamination.Class I
2022-12-14Nestle Toll House Edible Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough packaged in 15oz tubs - 4 tubs per caseNestle-USA, Inc. (Corporate Office)Potential of foreign material within product.Class II
2022-10-26"***Nestle***STUFFED***CHOCOLATE CHIP COOKIE DOUGH***4 JUMBO COOKIES***NET WT 8 OZ***"Nestle-USA, Inc. (Corporate Office)Consumer complaints reported presence of white pieces of plastic in cookie product.Class II
2022-08-31Abbott Jevity Complete, Balanced Nutrition with Fiber Ready to Hang enteral feeding container 1.5 Cal (for tube feeding) 1000 mL 8-33.8 FL OZ (1L) Bottles 270 FL OZ (8L) Liter UPC: 7007462681 62681Abbott LaboratoriesPotential leaking/pinholes in bottleClass II
2022-03-30Flow Alkaline Spring Water - Organic lemon & ginger flavored water. 500 ml unit . Tetra Pak paper carton.Flow Beverages Inc.Flow Beverages Inc., 33 Lakeview CT., Verona, VA, 24482 is initiating a recall of Flow Alkaline Spring Water - Organic lemon & ginger flavored water, 500 ml 12 units per case, Lots 2023AUG29 V5 and 2023AUG29 V5 because of four (4) customer complaints of alleged adverse reactions following the consumption of Flow organic lemon + ginger flavored water, 16.9 fl oz. (500 ml),Class II
2022-03-30Flow Alkaline Spring Water - Organic lemon & ginger flavored water. 500 ml 12 units per case . Tetra Pak paper carton.Flow Beverages Inc.Flow Beverages Inc., 33 Lakeview CT., Verona, VA, 24482 is initiating a recall of Flow Alkaline Spring Water - Organic lemon & ginger flavored water, 500 ml 12 units per case, Lots 2023AUG29 V5 and 2023AUG29 V5 because of four (4) customer complaints of alleged adverse reactions following the consumption of Flow organic lemon + ginger flavored water, 16.9 fl oz. (500 ml),Class II
2022-03-09Dietary supplements purchased from Family Dollar retail stores located in Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri and Tennessee, including but not limited to vitamins, herbal and mineral supplementsDollar Tree Distribution, Inc.Potential exposure to rodents and rodent activity in the distribution center.Class II
2022-03-09Food products purchased from Family Dollar retail stores located in Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri and TennesseeDollar Tree Distribution, Inc.Potential exposure to rodents and rodent activity in the distribution center.Class II
2022-02-16Simply Goodfats Creamy MCT Unflavored MCT Oil Powder 10.5 OZ. Packaged White HDPE Plastic. UPC Code: 857826008594 Expiration dates: 11/30/2021 2/28/2022 7/31/2021Naomi Whittel Brands, LLCUndeclared milk allergenClass II
2022-02-16Simply Goodfats Creamy MCT Vanilla MCT Oil Powder 10.5 OZ packaged White HDPE Plastic. UPC Code: 857826008648 Expiration dates: 8/31/2021 8/31/2022 2/28/2022Naomi Whittel Brands, LLCUndeclared milk allergenClass II
2022-02-16Simply Good Proteins Collagen Protein Hydrolyzed Protein Powder 15g Protein NET WT. 15.5oz (.97lb) 440g . UPC code: 8 5782600866 2 Packed in HDPE Plastic. Simply Good Collagen Protein Hydrolyzed Protein Powder 25g Protein NET WT. 31.3oz (1.96lb) 888g UPC code: 8 57826008655 2 Packed in HDPE Plastic. Expiration Date: 9/30/2021Naomi Whittel Brands, LLCUndeclared milk allergenClass II
2022-01-19Vemondo Vegan Coconut & Cocoa Non-Dairy Dessert Cones 4-3.7 fl ounces (110 mL) cones UPC 4 056489 468646Lidl US Operations, LLCUndeclared milk allergenClass II
2022-01-19butter almond HOWLING COW THE ICE CREAM OF NC STATE UNIVERSITY One Pint (473 ml) Ingredients: Milk, Cream, Sugar, Almonds***Stabilizer***Carmel Color and Natural Flavor. Contains milk, almonds Proudly distributed by Hunter Farms High Point, NC 27262 UPC 0 74336 65079 6Maryland & Virginia Milk ProducersThe firm was notified by a customer that the Butter Almond containers contains Cookie Dough Ice Cream. The Cookie Dough Ice Cream contains soy and wheat which are not listed on the label for the Butter Almond Ice Cream.Class I
2022-01-19Vemondo Vegan Caramel & Pannacotta Non-Dairy Dessert Cones. 4-3.7 fl oz (110 mL) UPC 4 056489 468653Lidl US Operations, LLCUndeclared milk allergenClass II
2021-12-15GERBER Macaroni and Cheese with a side of peas and carrots, 6.6 oz. (187 g) drained weight 5.3 oz. (150 g), 8 units per case.Gerber Products Company dba Nestle Infant NutritionBeetles were found in the pea ingredient used in the side compartment of the tray.Class III
2021-12-01Garden Side Salad 6.95oz. (197g) UPC:72251525202. Packaged in plastic containers.Ukrop's Homestyle Foods, LLCProduct may be contaminated with foreign objects (plastic fragments)Class III

Questions

How many FDA food recalls come from Virginia?
232 of the 29,386 FDA food recall records published since 2012 were issued by firms located in Virginia, which ranks it 28 among the states and territories. 89 are Class I.
Does this mean the food was sold in Virginia?
No. The state on a recall record is the address of the recalling firm, not the distribution area. A firm in Virginia frequently distributes nationally, and food sold in Virginia is frequently recalled by a firm in another state. Each record carries its own distribution pattern.

All FDA food recall data

Location says where a recall was issued, not where the evidence for it lives. Krolda maps supplier documents to the clause they satisfy in FSSC 22000, IFS Food and 21 CFR 117, and routes the corrective action when the evidence is missing.

Early access

Recall records come from the openFDA food enforcement API, published by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the public domain. Krolda adds the hazard classification and the clause mapping; neither is an FDA determination. Always check the FDA notice before acting on a recall.