21 CFR Part 184: Direct Food Substances Affirmed as Generally Recognized as Safe
Part 184 of title 21 runs to 215 sections across 2 subparts, and sits in subchapter B, Food for Human Consumption. Every section is reproduced in full and is current to 2026-09-10.

- Sections
- 215
- Subparts
- 2
- Words of regulation
- 55,417
- Current to
- 2026-09-10
Subpart A: General Provisions
Subpart B: Listing of Specific Substances Affirmed as GRAS
- 184.1005 Acetic acid5
- 184.1007 Aconitic acid12
- 184.1009 Adipic acid7
- 184.1011 Alginic acid4
- 184.1012 α-Amylase enzyme preparation from Bacillus stearothermophilus5
- 184.1021 Benzoic acid5
- 184.1024 Bromelain5
- 184.1025 Caprylic acid5
- 184.1027 Mixed carbohydrase and protease enzyme product5
- 184.1033 Citric acid4
- 184.1034 Catalase (bovine liver)5
- 184.1061 Lactic acid6
- 184.1063 Enzyme-modified lecithin13
- 184.1065 Linoleic acid6
- 184.1069 Malic acid5
- 184.1077 Potassium acid tartrate6
- 184.1081 Propionic acid6
- 184.1090 Stearic acid6
- 184.1091 Succinic acid5
- 184.1095 Sulfuric acid5
- 184.1097 Tannic acid5
- 184.1099 Tartaric acid6
- 184.1101 Diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides7
- 184.1115 Agar-agar5
- 184.1120 Brown algae4
- 184.1121 Red algae4
- 184.1133 Ammonium alginate4
- 184.1135 Ammonium bicarbonate6
- 184.1137 Ammonium carbonate6
- 184.1138 Ammonium chloride6
- 184.1139 Ammonium hydroxide6
- 184.1140 Ammonium citrate, dibasic6
- 184.1141a a Ammonium phosphate, monobasic6
- 184.1141b b Ammonium phosphate, dibasic6
- 184.1143 Ammonium sulfate5
- 184.1148 Bacterially-derived carbohydrase enzyme preparation5
- 184.1150 Bacterially-derived protease enzyme preparation5
- 184.1155 Bentonite6
- 184.1157 Benzoyl peroxide6
- 184.1165 n-Butane and iso-butane6
- 184.1185 Calcium acetate5
- 184.1187 Calcium alginate4
- 184.1191 Calcium carbonate7
- 184.1193 Calcium chloride5
- 184.1195 Calcium citrate4
- 184.1199 Calcium gluconate5
- 184.1201 Calcium glycerophosphate6
- 184.1205 Calcium hydroxide4
- 184.1206 Calcium iodate5
- 184.1207 Calcium lactate6
- 184.1210 Calcium oxide4
- 184.1212 Calcium pantothenate6
- 184.1221 Calcium propionate6
- 184.1229 Calcium stearate6
- 184.1230 Calcium sulfate5
- 184.1240 Carbon dioxide6
- 184.1245 Beta-carotene6
- 184.1250 Cellulase enzyme preparation derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum5
- 184.1257 Clove and its derivatives10
- 184.1259 Cocoa butter substitute17
- 184.1260 Copper gluconate6
- 184.1261 Copper sulfate6
- 184.1262 Corn silk and corn silk extract4
- 184.1265 Cuprous iodide4
- 184.1271 L-Cysteine4
- 184.1272 L-Cysteine monohydrochloride4
- 184.1277 Dextrin6
- 184.1278 Diacetyl6
- 184.1282 Dill and its derivatives6
- 184.1287 Enzyme-modified fats6
- 184.1293 Ethyl alcohol4
- 184.1295 Ethyl formate5
- 184.1296 Ferric ammonium citrate6
- 184.1297 Ferric chloride4
- 184.1298 Ferric citrate4
- 184.1301 Ferric phosphate4
- 184.1304 Ferric pyrophosphate4
- 184.1307 Ferric sulfate4
- 184.1307a a Ferrous ascorbate4
- 184.1307b b Ferrous carbonate4
- 184.1307c c Ferrous citrate4
- 184.1307d d Ferrous fumarate4
- 184.1308 Ferrous gluconate4
- 184.1311 Ferrous lactate4
- 184.1315 Ferrous sulfate4
- 184.1316 Ficin5
- 184.1317 Garlic and its derivatives6
- 184.1318 Glucono delta-lactone6
- 184.1321 Corn gluten6
- 184.1322 Wheat gluten6
- 184.1323 Glyceryl monooleate6
- 184.1324 Glyceryl monostearate4
- 184.1328 Glyceryl behenate11
- 184.1329 Glyceryl palmitostearate7
- 184.1330 Acacia (gum arabic)6
- 184.1333 Gum ghatti13
- 184.1339 Guar gum6
- 184.1343 Locust (carob) bean gum6
- 184.1349 Karaya gum (sterculia gum)6
- 184.1351 Gum tragacanth6
- 184.1355 Helium6
- 184.1366 Hydrogen peroxide6
- 184.1370 Inositol6
- 184.1372 Insoluble glucose isomerase enzyme preparations5
- 184.1375 Iron, elemental7
- 184.1386 Isopropyl citrate6
- 184.1387 Lactase enzyme preparation from Candida pseudotropicalis5
- 184.1388 Lactase enzyme preparation from Kluyveromyces lactis5
- 184.1400 Lecithin4
- 184.1408 Licorice and licorice derivatives10
- 184.1409 Ground limestone4
- 184.1415 Animal lipase5
- 184.1420 Lipase enzyme preparation derived from Rhizopus niveus5
- 184.1425 Magnesium carbonate6
- 184.1426 Magnesium chloride6
- 184.1428 Magnesium hydroxide6
- 184.1431 Magnesium oxide6
- 184.1434 Magnesium phosphate6
- 184.1440 Magnesium stearate6
- 184.1443 Magnesium sulfate6
- 184.1443a a Malt5
- 184.1444 Maltodextrin6
- 184.1445 Malt syrup (malt extract)6
- 184.1446 Manganese chloride6
- 184.1449 Manganese citrate6
- 184.1452 Manganese gluconate6
- 184.1461 Manganese sulfate6
- 184.1472 Menhaden oil28
- 184.1490 Methylparaben5
- 184.1498 Microparticulated protein product5
- 184.1505 Mono- and diglycerides6
- 184.1521 Monosodium phosphate derivatives of mono- and diglycerides6
- 184.1530 Niacin6
- 184.1535 Niacinamide6
- 184.1537 Nickel6
- 184.1538 Nisin preparation13
- 184.1540 Nitrogen6
- 184.1545 Nitrous oxide6
- 184.1553 Peptones6
- 184.1555 Rapeseed oil10
- 184.1560 Ox bile extract6
- 184.1563 Ozone3
- 184.1583 Pancreatin5
- 184.1585 Papain6
- 184.1588 Pectins6
- 184.1595 Pepsin5
- 184.1610 Potassium alginate4
- 184.1613 Potassium bicarbonate8
- 184.1619 Potassium carbonate9
- 184.1622 Potassium chloride6
- 184.1625 Potassium citrate4
- 184.1631 Potassium hydroxide6
- 184.1634 Potassium iodide5
- 184.1635 Potassium iodate5
- 184.1639 Potassium lactate6
- 184.1643 Potassium sulfate5
- 184.1655 Propane6
- 184.1660 Propyl gallate5
- 184.1666 Propylene glycol5
- 184.1670 Propylparaben5
- 184.1676 Pyridoxine hydrochloride6
- 184.1685 Rennet (animal-derived) and chymosin preparation (fermentation-derived)9
- 184.1695 Riboflavin6
- 184.1697 Riboflavin-5′-phosphate (sodium)6
- 184.1698 Rue3
- 184.1699 Oil of rue5
- 184.1702 Sheanut oil10
- 184.1721 Sodium acetate5
- 184.1724 Sodium alginate4
- 184.1733 Sodium benzoate5
- 184.1736 Sodium bicarbonate4
- 184.1742 Sodium carbonate6
- 184.1751 Sodium citrate4
- 184.1754 Sodium diacetate5
- 184.1763 Sodium hydroxide6
- 184.1764 Sodium hypophosphite6
- 184.1768 Sodium lactate6
- 184.1769a a Sodium metasilicate6
- 184.1784 Sodium propionate6
- 184.1792 Sodium sesquicarbonate6
- 184.1801 Sodium tartrate6
- 184.1804 Sodium potassium tartrate6
- 184.1807 Sodium thiosulfate5
- 184.1835 Sorbitol6
- 184.1845 Stannous chloride (anhydrous and dihydrated)5
- 184.1848 Starter distillate6
- 184.1851 Stearyl citrate6
- 184.1854 Sucrose4
- 184.1857 Corn sugar4
- 184.1859 Invert sugar4
- 184.1865 Corn syrup4
- 184.1866 High fructose corn syrup3
- 184.1875 Thiamine hydrochloride6
- 184.1878 Thiamine mononitrate6
- 184.1890 α-Tocopherols7
- 184.1901 Triacetin6
- 184.1903 Tributyrin6
- 184.1911 Triethyl citrate6
- 184.1914 Trypsin5
- 184.1923 Urea6
- 184.1924 Urease enzyme preparation from Lactobacillus fermentum5
- 184.1930 Vitamin A8
- 184.1945 Vitamin B126
- 184.1950 Vitamin D9
- 184.1973 Beeswax (yellow and white)4
- 184.1976 Candelilla wax6
- 184.1978 Carnauba wax6
- 184.1979 Whey20
- 184.1979a a Reduced lactose whey15
- 184.1979b b Reduced minerals whey15
- 184.1979c c Whey protein concentrate15
- 184.1983 Bakers yeast extract8
- 184.1984 Zein6
- 184.1985 Aminopeptidase enzyme preparation derived from lactococcus lactis5
Read 21 CFR part 184 at the eCFR · All of 21 CFR for food safety
Questions
- What does 21 CFR part 184 cover?
- 21 CFR part 184 is Direct Food Substances Affirmed as Generally Recognized as Safe. It runs to 215 sections across 2 subparts and sits in subchapter B of chapter I, Food for Human Consumption.
Every section of part 184 is a clause somebody has to produce evidence for at their next audit. Krolda maps supplier documents to the clause they satisfy in FSSC 22000, IFS Food and 21 CFR 117, and routes the corrective action when the evidence is missing.
Early accessRecall records come from the openFDA food enforcement API, published by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the public domain. Krolda adds the hazard classification and the clause mapping; neither is an FDA determination. Always check the FDA notice before acting on a recall.